Destructive earthquakes following the filling of large reservoirs at kremasta in greece1 and at koyna in india2,3 have revived interest in reservoir induced seismicity. Vilarrasa et al induced seismicity in geologic carbon storage jecting the same amount of. Pdf preliminary study of reservoirinduced seismicity in. Induced seismicity in the uk and its relevance to shale. Source parameters and rupture velocity of small m 2. Earthquakes triggered by dams international rivers. No convincing correlation has yet been demonstrated between.
Induced seismicity is related to stress changes in the reservoir and. To develop a combination of techniques to evaluate the relationship between egs operations and the induced stress changes throughout the reservoir and the surrounding country rock. The model is based on the physical processes of fluid pressure and stress diffusion with triggering of the induced seismicity being controlled by coulomb friction. Characterization of induced seismicity in a petroleum. As a region with little or very low level background seismicity, the impoundment of the three gorges reservoir in june 2003 was related to increasing reservoir induced seismicity. The koyna reservoir water levels and the seismicity of the region from 1997 to 2008 figure 6 shows the cross correlation. The potential for reservoirinduced seismicity, which is the triggering of earthquakes by the physical processes that accompany the impoundment of large reservoirs, was recognized during the seismic hazard studies for the original auburn dam. The probability density function pdf fx describes the relative likelihood that a stochas. Fluid injection related to oil and gas operations has been linked to induced seismicity from hydraulic fracturing, as well as massive disposal of produced water holland, 20. Induced microseismicity commonly used to image fracture networks and stimulated volumes magnitudes of the induced earthquakes in reservoirs such as the barnett shale are typically less than 1 ml. Introduction since the earliest, and one of the most destructive cases of reservoir induced seismicity ris, the m. Earthquake magnitudes are primarily determined by the rupture area, i.
Microseismicity in an exploited reservoir for an oil field norsar amid the recent hubbub surrounding whether zipingpu dam may have triggered the disastrous sichuan earthquake in may 2008, its important to clear up a few misconceptions about reservoir induced seismicity ris. Towards the understanding of induced seismicity in. Hydrogeologic controls on induced seismicity in crystalline basement rocks due to fluid injection into basal reservoirs. Peak changes in pore pressures occur directly beneath the lake and decrease away from it. The weightages of the factors are found out as shown below. On the nature of reservoirinduced seismicity springerlink. Induced seismicity in the cooper basin reservoir is also associated with a larger fault and driven by the stress field baisch et al. Reservoirinduced seismicity in the three gorges reservoir. Packer and others 1977 list 16 accepted and 35 questionable cases of reservoir induced seismicity, and simpson 1976 lists 32 cases of changed seismicity, including some where the filling of the reservoir caused the natural seismicity to decrease. Seismicity can also be useful as a resource management tool. Reservoir induced seismicity slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. A detailed understanding of the physical processes associated with reservoir induced seismicity is required for assessing and eventually mitigating the seismic risk. Since the publication of the first dams and earthquakes in 1976, the phenomenon of reservoir induced seismicity ris is more widely understood. Mike sandiford melbourne energy institute university of melbourne a background paper to the office of the nsw chief scientist and engineer ocse providing information and a discussion about induced seismicity, microseismic monitoring and natural seismic impacts, in relation to csg activities.
Analysis of the spatial pattern of seismicity showed that a majority of the seismicity was associated with the heavily fractured, deep crustal jiuwanxi fault, especially in regions of permeable carbonate. Pdf the state of the art in the geological and geophysical study of the region of koyna and warna water reservoirs is. This initial seismicity is ascribable to the coupled poroelastic response of the reservoir to initial filling or water level changes. After the stimulation, all seismicity ceased in the region southeast of the wellhead.
A better understanding of reservoir induced seismicity has come from theoretical analyses and from studies of earthquakes induced by. Pdf a classification of induced seismicity researchgate. A study of induced seismicity associated with natural gas extraction in the netherlands van eijs et al. There are now over 70 known cases of reservoirinduced earthquakes. Reservoir induced seismicityris is a common phenomenon needed to be focused in the construction and operation of water conservancy project. According to the correlation between water impoundment and earthquakes, the reservoir induced seismicity can be divided. Quarries and deeplevel mining cause the water table to be depressed because of pumping operations to prevent flooding. Seismicity continued at a decreased rate in all other regions, but was observed to briefly migrate into previously aseismic areas within the footprint of the reservoir. In the case of the reservoirinduced earthquakes and hydrofractures there is an excessive amount of water associated with faulting perhaps providing another clue into what affects the stress drop. Understanding the correlation between induced seismicity and water injection in the fort worth basin valerie gono1, jon e. However, induced microseismicity should be avoided in the caprock because its sealing capacity could be compromised, which could lead to co2 leakage. The three gorges reservoir has a digital telemetry seismic network to monitor the earthquakes in this region. Seismicity related to injection cannot be assessed the same as natural seismicity scale and distance of influence however, industry has dealt with induced seismicity issues for almost 100 years mining, oil and gas, waste injections, reservoir impoundment, etc.
Pavan kumar et al the relation between seismicity and water level changes 815 610 620 630 640 650 660 670 01 01 01 01 20 0 0 31 31 31 31 30 30 30 20 0 7 30 29 water level m 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 no. The present status of reservoir induced seismicity. There are many attractive research opportunities that combine. Effective monitoring of reservoirinduced seismicity. In general, induced seismicity refers to seismic events that are a result of human activity. Induced or triggered seismicity avalon sciences ltd. When the pressure of the water in the rocks increases, it acts to lubricate faults. Reservoirtriggeredinduced seismicity reservoirtriggered seismicity rts, also referred to as reservoirinduced seismicity ris, is the triggering of earthquakes by the physical processes that accompany the impoundment of large reservoirs. The location of the seismicity is governed by the nature of faulting below and near the reservoir. Towards the understanding of induced seismicity in enhanced geothermal systems author. This may be in the form of realtime monitoring of any ongoing induced seismicity. Validating induced seismicity forecast modelsinduced. Since 1979 the body of data on reservoir induced seismicity has grown.
Reservoir induced seismicity ris potential of artificial water reservoirs 1 dragi dojcinovski1, tatjana olumceva2, lazo pekevski3 and guoxin wang4 1 2 introduction for the last eighty years, there have been recorded a number of cases where human activity has unintentionally led to earthquakes. In this overview we report results of analysing induced seismicity in geothermal reservoirs in various tectonic settings within the framework of the european geothermal engineering integrating mitigation of induced seismicity in reservoirs geiser project. During exploitation, one should use observed and model induced seismicity to forward estimate seismic hazard so that field operators are in a position to adjust well hydraulics rate and volume of the fluid injected when induced events start to occur far away from the boundary of the seismic cloud. Globally, there are over 100 identified cases of earthquakes that scientists believe were triggered by reservoirs see gupta 2002. Zhang y1, person m, rupp j, ellett k, celia ma, gable cw, bowen b, evans j, bandilla k, mozley p, dewers t, elliot t. The most widely accepted explanation of how dams cause earthquakes is related to the extra water pressure created in the microcracks and fissures in the ground under and near a reservoir.
There are many different ways in which human activity can cause induced seismicity including geothermal operations, reservoir impoundment water behind dams, waste water injections, and oil and gas operations such as hydraulic fracturing. The mechanism of induced seismicity download ebook pdf. Evidence of seismicity induced by injecting wastewater. These damaging earthquakes have occurred in china, kariba, zambia, greece, kremasta, koyna, india, california and elsewhere.
The b values outside the reservoir area have more or less remained unchanged over the last several years while the b values inside the reservoir area have increased considerably consequent to filling of the lake. This study also applied a material forecast model for the estimation of timetofailure or peak seismicity in reservoirinduced seismicity, which may provide some general guidelines for shortterm field case estimations. Destructive earthquakes following the filling of large reservoirs at kremasta in greece1 and at koyna in india2,3 have revived interest in reservoirinduced seismicity. Making the earth move reservoirinduced seismicity is a term related to humans starting earthquakes. Pdf reservoir induced seismicitya new model metin ger. Reservoir induced seismic events can be relatively large compared to other forms of induced seismicity. Prediction of reservoir induced seismicity by analytical. Two types of reservoirinduced seismicity article pdf available in bulletin of the seismological society of america 786. Reservoir induced seismicity in china, mechanism of reservoir induced seismicity.
The relation between seismicity and water level changes in. Packer and others 1977 list 16 accepted and 35 questionable cases of reservoirinduced seismicity, and simpson 1976 lists 32 cases of changed seismicity, including some where the filling of the reservoir caused the natural seismicity to decrease. Setting the problem in perspective for egs development keith evans ethzurich induced or triggered seismicity is nothing new induced seismicity is a recognised risk in any earthengineering endeavour that changes the stress state or pore pressure of a rock mass reservoir impoundment mining and tunnelling. The stress regime in the cooper basin, however, is compressional, with maximum horizontal stress oriented ew table 1. To test model consistency with observations and to rank models, we rely on pseudoprospective forecasting, i. Reservoir induced seismicity ris is defined as the failure of a preexisting fault below an artificial lake due to reservoir impoundment after initial infill or by. Analysis of the spatial pattern of seismicity showed that a majority of the seismicity was associated with the heavily fractured, deep crustal jiuwanxi fault. Preliminary study of reservoirinduced seismicity in the three gorges reservoir, china article pdf available in seismological research letters 835. Such induced earthquakes presumably result from stress changes brought about by the reservoir load and changes in pore pressure beneath the reservoir gough and gough, 1970. Discrimination between induced, triggered, and natural earthquakes. The tools of analytical hierarchy process and regression analysis is used to find out the equation. We thus expect to learn much about the large scale mechanical and hydraulic properties of the crust.
Induced seismicity refers to typically minor earthquakes and tremors that are caused by human activity that alters the stresses and strains on the earths crust. For each case, the impor tant mechanisms for causing seismicity are indicated. The first part of the work consists of evaluation of weightage of factors affecting reservoir induced seismicity by an expert opinion followed by analytical hierarchy process. The seismic data was merged from university of bergen, british geological survey and the. Induced seismicity is the general term for any seismic activity caused by human activities. This study also applied a material forecast model for the estimation of timetofailure or peak seismicity in reservoir induced seismicity, which may provide some general guidelines for shortterm field case estimations.
Analysis of induced seismicity in geothermal reservoirs an. Current challenges in monitoring, discrimination, and. The proposed induced seismicity test bench requires models to be tested, good quality induced seismicity data sets, and a robust statistical testing framework allowing objective model evaluation. Reservoir induced seismicity in the ko ynawarna region, india. In the reconnaissance phase of a field, the subsurface fault mapping, in situ stress and the seismic network are of.
As a region with little or very low level background seismicity, the impoundment of the three gorges reservoir in june 2003 was related to increasing reservoirinduced seismicity. Induced seismicity refers to seismicity caused by humanexternal activity above natural background levels in a given tectonic setting and is distinguished from triggered seismicity, where human activity affects earthquake recurrence intervals, magnitude or other attributes. For control and mitigation of induced seismicity, this document defines limits or triggers that, if activated, will initiate mitigation actions up to and including stopping injection and immediately flowing. We estimate the reservoir load alone will generate tilts and strains in the order of 10 and we will have levelling. Reservoir induced seismicity ris is a common phenomenon needed to be focused in the construction and operation of water conservancy project. Reservoir induced earthquakes, volume 64 1st edition. Dec 19, 2009 reservoir induced seismicity 3 slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising.
Microseismicity in an exploited reservoir for an oil field norsar amid the recent hubbub surrounding whether zipingpu dam may have triggered the disastrous sichuan earthquake in may 2008, its important to clear up a few misconceptions about reservoirinduced seismicity ris. The seismicity is likely to be more widespread and deeper for a larger reservoir than for a smaller one. Discriminating induced seismicity from natural earthquakes. Figure 1 a schematic view of seismicity stimulated by quarry, deep mining, and reservoir impoundment. Analysis of induced seismicity in geothermal reservoirs. Table 1 1ists four additional case histories of proposed reservoir induced seismicity as well as those for other types of induced earthquakes. There are now over 70 known cases of reservoir induced earthquakes. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. New induced seismicity forecast models are currently being built and calibrated to become part of a realtime hazard assessment tool the advanced traffic light system atls. Making the earth move reservoir induced seismicity is a term related to humans starting earthquakes. If we consider the location pdf and equivalently the pdf of the input parameter, p, the.
Reservoir induced seismicity types in the three gorges. A few sites regularly have larger quakes, such as the geysers geothermal plant in california which averaged two m4 events and 15 m3 events every year from 2004 to 2009. Towards the understanding of induced seismicity in enhanced. Understanding the correlation between induced seismicity. Though understanding of reservoir induced seismic activity is very limited, it has been noted that seismicity appears to occur on dams with heights larger than 330 feet 100 m. Among these, the reservoirinduced seismicity ris occurs when the reservoirs have more water column of over 100 m depth. Dec 05, 2010 induced seismicity is the general term for any seismic activity caused by human activities. It remains an important issue for the present project because of the potential to increase the.
Pdf reservoir induced seismicity in the koynawarna region. We present a hydromechanical model describing fluid injection induced seismicity. Induced seismicity an overview sciencedirect topics. It is highly relevant to the question of global energy because it is a problem that arises in at least four major sources of energy. Induced seismicity in the uk and its relevance to shale gas. Reservoir induced seismicity3 slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. In most cases of reservoirinduced seismicity, seismicity follows the impoundment, large lakelevel changes, or filling at a later time above the highest water level achieved until then. Characterization of induced seismicity in a petroleum reservoir. The induced seismicity is observed both beneath the deepest part of the reservoir and in the surrounding areas.
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